نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

پژوهشی در فرش‌بافی‌ دورۀ تیمور و شاهرخ بر اساس منابع تاریخی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار، گروه فرش، دانشکده هنرهای صناعی و کاربردی، دانشگاه هنر شیراز، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
دربارۀ فرش‌بافی در دورۀ تیموریان، پرسش‌هایی بی‌پاسخ وجود دارد، زیرا فرش سالم و کاملی از این دوره به دست نیامده است. اطلاعات دربارۀ فرش‌های تیموری بر پایۀ گمانه‌هایی است که از نسخه‌های مصور، تاریخ‌نامه‌ها، سفرنامه‌ها و جغرافی‌نامه‌ها حاصل‌شده و شناختی محدود ارائه می‌دهد. این پژوهش می‌کوشد پاسخگوی این پرسش‌ها باشد: 1. جایگاه و کاربرد فرش‌بافی در دورۀ تیمور و شاهرخ بر پایه منابع تاریخی چگونه بوده است؟ 2. مواد اولیۀ مورد استفاده در بافت فرش‌های دورۀ تیمور و شاهرخ چه بوده‌اند؟ ۳. چه هنرمندانی در شکل‌گیری و توسعه هنر فرش‌بافی در دورۀ تیمور و شاهرخ نقش داشته‌اند؟ هدف این پژوهش، بررسی و تحلیل جایگاه و تحولات فرش‌بافی در دورۀ تیمور و شاهرخ با تکیه‌بر متون تاریخی است. پژوهش حاضر از روش تفسیری-تاریخی و رویکرد تحلیلی بهره برده و کوشیده با تحلیل داده‌های تاریخی در حوزه‌های سیاسی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، روایتی منسجم از وضعیت فرش‌بافی دورۀ تیموری ارائه نماید. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که فرش‌بافی در این دوره هنری برجسته و تحت‌تأثیر تحولات سیاسی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی بوده است. در این دوره، فرش‌های نفیس و تزیینی جایگاهی ویژه در کاخ‌ها و محافل درباری داشتند و به‌عنوان نمادی از تجمل استفاده می‌شدند. نگارگران نیز با طراحی نقشه‌های فرش، نقشی اساسی در ارتقای سطح فنی و زیبایی‌شناختی این هنر ایفا می‌کردند. در دورۀ شاهرخ، حمایت‌های درباری به گسترش فرش‌بافی انجامید و تلفیق سبک‌های گوناگون به ارتقای کیفیت فنی و هنری فرش‌ها کمک کرد. میراث فرش‌بافی دورۀ تیموریان تأثیری عمیق بر دوره‌های بعد، به‌ویژه صفوی نهاد و زمینه‌ساز تحولات عمده در این هنر شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

A Study of Carpet Weaving During the Timur and Shahrukh Periods Based on Historical Sources

نویسنده English

Davood Shadlou
Assistant Professor, Department of Carpet, Faculty of Applied Arts, Shiraz University of Arts, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده English

There are unanswered questions about carpet weaving during the Timurid period, as no intact and complete carpet has been found from this period. The information about Timurid carpets is largely based on conjectures derived from illustrated manuscripts, historical chronicles, travelogues, and geographical accounts, which provide only a limited understanding. This study aims to address the following questions: 1. What was the status and application of carpet weaving during the Timur and Shahrukh eras, based on historical sources? 2. What were the raw materials used in weaving carpets during the Timur and Shahrukh eras? 3. What artists played a role in the formation and development of the art of carpet weaving during the Timur and Shahrukh eras? The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the position and transformations of carpet weaving during the reigns of Timur and Shahrukh, with a focus on historical texts. The present study employs a historical-interpretive methodology and an analytical approach, seeking to construct a coherent narrative of carpet weaving during the Timurid era by analyzing historical data in political, social, and cultural contexts. The findings indicate that carpet weaving was a prominent art during this period, shaped by political, economic, and cultural developments. Luxurious and decorative carpets had a special status in palaces and courtly gatherings, symbolizing opulence. Painters played a key role in enhancing the technical and aesthetic dimensions of this art by designing intricate carpet patterns. During Shahrukh’s reign, royal patronage further stimulated the expansion of carpet weaving, while the fusion of diverse artistic styles contributed to the improvement of both the technical quality and artistic value of the carpets. The legacy of Timurid carpet weaving profoundly influenced subsequent periods, especially the Safavid era, paving the way for significant advancements in this art form.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Timurids
Historical Sources
Carpet Weaving
Timur (Tamerlane)
Shahrukh
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  • تاریخ دریافت 09 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 30 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 16 بهمن 1403