نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

تحلیل نماد و نگاره‌های خانقاه‌های خراسان بزرگ (نمونۀ موردی: خانقاه‌های بخارا)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مهسا شامدیل 1
بهزاد وثیق 2
1 کارشناس ارشد معما ری، دانشکده معما ری و شهرسا زی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی‌شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی‌شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران
10.22034/hgj.2025.487919.1027
چکیده
هنر اسلامی به‌ویژه معماری آن، همواره بازتاب اندیشه‌های عرفانی و معنوی بوده است. این هنر دینی، تفسیر عرفانی انسان، جهان و زندگی اوست و دین نیز سرچشمۀ این عرفان و معنویت است. نقوش کاشی و کتیبه‌ها در بناهای اسلامی نه‌تنها به زیبایی ظاهری آن‌ها می‌افزایند، بلکه به‌عنوان نمادی از عوالم غیبی و تجلیات معنوی نیز عمل می‌کنند. نقوش هندسی پیچیده که در کاشی‌کاری‌ها به‌کار می‌روند، رمزی از وحدت وجود و نظام هماهنگ الهی در جهان هستند. این نقوش با تکرار و تنوع خود، اشاره‌ای به بی‌کرانگی حضرت حق و ظهور او در مراتب گوناگون هستی دارند. در این پژوهش، تمرکز بر خانقاه‌هایی در شهر بخارا بوده که جدارۀ خارجی آن‌ها با تزئینات آراسته شده است. این خانقاه‌ها یادگاری از دوران حکومت شیبانیان و اشترخانیان هستند که در آن زمان ساخته شده‌اند. تزئینات نمای خارجی این بناها که عمدتاً شامل نقوش گیاهی، نقوش هندسی و کتیبه‌هاست، بیشتر در بخش شرقی ایوان و گاهی نیز در آسمانه رواق‌ها مشاهده می‌شود. در پژوهش حاضر، ضمن شناسایی نقوش به‌کاررفته در تزئینات خانقاه‌ها، جایگاه این نقوش در بنا و معانی عرفانی نهفته در آن‌ها نیز بررسی می‌شود. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش مبنی بر بررسی نمونۀ موردی و اطلاعات بر اساس مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی به‌دست ‌آمده است. با مطالعه تزئینات می‌توان دریافت که نمادهایی مانند نور، جاودانگی، توجه به مفهوم وحدت در کثرت به‌وسیله نگاره‌هایی مانند گل‌های نیلوفرآبی، گل شاه‌عباسی، شمسه‌هایی بر مبنای اعداد زوج و برخی آیات کتیبه‌ها بیان شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
نمادپردازی
خانقاه
خراسان بزرگ
بخارا
تصوف

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Analysing the Symbols and Motifs of the Sufi Lodges of Greater Khorasan (Case study: the Sufi Lodges of Bukhara)

نویسندگان English

Mahsa Shamedil 1
behzad vasigh 2
1 MA in Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
چکیده English

Islamic art, particularly its architecture, has always been a manifestation of mystical and spiritual ideas. This religious art offers a mystical interpretation of humanity, the world, and one's life, with religion serving as the wellspring of this mysticism and spirituality. Tile patterns and inscriptions in Islamic buildings not only enhance their aesthetic beauty but also act as symbols of the unseen realms and spiritual manifestations. The intricate geometric patterns used in tilework are a representation of the unity of existence and the harmonious divine order of the universe. These patterns, through their repetition and variety, allude to the infinity of God and his appearance in various levels of being. This research focuses on Khanqahs (Sufi lodges) in the city of Bukhara, the exterior walls of which are adorned with decorations. These Khanqahs are a legacy of the Shaybanid and Ashtrakhanid periods, during which they were built. The decorations on the exterior facade of these buildings, which mainly include plant patterns, geometric patterns, and inscriptions, are mostly seen in the eastern part of the ivan (a vaulted hall or space open on one side) and sometimes on the ceiling of the porticoes. In this study, in addition to identifying the patterns used in the decorations of the Khanqahs, the position of these patterns within the building and the mystical meanings inherent in them are also examined. The research method in this article is based on the case study approach, and the data is gathered through library and documentary research. By studying the decorations, it can be seen that symbols such as light, eternity, and attention to the concept of unity in multiplicity are expressed by images such as water lily flowers, Shah Abbasi flowers, Shamsahs based on even numbers, and some selected verses of the inscriptions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

symbolism
Sufi Lodge
Great Khorasan
Bukhara
Sufism
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  • تاریخ دریافت 19 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 28 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 10 اسفند 1403