نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

تبیین جایگاه و اهمیت ارتباط متقابل راه ابریشم و دشت سرخس در دورۀ اشکانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
دکتری باستان‌شناسی دوران تاریخی، گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
چکیده
دشت سرخس از هزارۀ چهارم قبل از میلاد تا حمله مغولان اهمیت بسیار داشته و به سبب برخورداری از موقعیت ارتباطی جاده خراسان بزرگ (پیش از تاریخ) و راه بزرگ ابریشم در دورۀ‌ اشکانی، منطقه استراتژیک و مهم از قسمت شرقی ایران به شمار می‌رفته است. این دشت تقریباً در مرکز خراسان بزرگ و راه ابریشم که از شهرستان سرخس کنونی وارد ایران می‌شده، قرار دارد. پژوهش حاضر به دنبال پاسخ این پرسش است که جایگاه و اهمیت ارتباط متقابل و تأثیرگذار دشت سرخس و راه بزرگ ابریشم در دورۀ اشکانی چه بوده و شامل چه مؤلفه‌هایی می‌شود؟ دشت سرخس به‌عنوان مدخل شرقی دروازه و ورود به ایران در مسیر راه بزرگ ابریشم دورۀ اشکانی بوده که به‌عنوان نقش رابط و بینابین، میان آسیای مرکزی، شمال شرق ایران و فلات ایران عمل می‌کرده است و از کارکردهای فرهنگی، تجاری و اقتصادی با مناطق جنوب ترکمنستان (مرو و نسا) برخوردار بوده است. هدف این پژوهش علاوه بر بازشناسی موقعیت جغرافیایی استراتژیک منطقه، تبیین جایگاه و اهمیت ارتباط متقابل راه ابریشم و دشت سرخس در دورۀ اشکانی و ارائه چارچوبی کلی از وضعیت فرهنگی، اقتصادی، سکونت و معیشت مردم جوامع این دوره بر پایه متغیر الگوی زیست‌محیطی خصوصاً راه‌های ارتباطی دشت سرخس است. نتایج این پژوهش که محصول یک فصل پیمایش‌های میدانی دشت سرخس، گردآوری و تحلیل آثار برجای‌مانده از دورۀ اشکانی در منطقه و نیز بررسی متون جغرافیای تاریخی مرتبط است نشان می‌دهد که به دلیل عبور و سکنی گزیدن در کنار رودخانه‌های کشف‌رود، تجن و هریرود، یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل شکل‌گیری دشت سرخس و استقرارهای اشکانی به شمار می‌رود و از طرف دیگر دشت سرخس به‌واسطه قرارگیری در مسیر ارتباطی پایتخت‌های اشکانیان (آساک، نسا و مرو) سبب رونق شاهراه مزبور شده است. از مهم‌ترین نتایج بررسی حاضر می‌توان به استقرارهایی با محدوده‌های وسیع و گسترده، فزونی یافتن استقرارهای دورۀ اشکانی نسبت به ادوار قبل، تأمین امنیت، توسعه اقتصادی و سیاسی دشت سرخس به‌واسطه قرارگیری در مسیر راه بزرگ ابریشم و به‌عنوان یکی از شهرهای پررونق مهم دورۀ اشکانی به دلیل موقعیت استراتژیک به‌عنوان نقش رابط و بینابین، میان آسیای مرکزی، شمال شرق ایران و فلات ایران اشاره کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Clarifying the Position and Importance of Mutual Connection Between the Silk Road and Sarakhs Plain in the Parthian Period

نویسنده English

Davood Behroozifar
PhD in Historical Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, .Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Sarakhs Plain was very important from the 4th millennium BC until the invasion of the Mongols, and it was considered a strategic and important region in the eastern part of Iran due to its connection with the Great Khorasan Road (prehistoric) and the Great Silk Road in the Parthian period. This plain is located almost in the center of Great Khorasan and the Silk Road that entered Iran from the current Sarakhs city. This research seeks to answer the question that what were the mutually influencing factors of the Sarakhs Plain and the Great Silk Road in the Parthian period and what components did they include? Sarakhs Plain was the eastern entrance of the gate and entrance to Iran on the way of the Great Silk Road of the Parthian period, which acted as a link between Central Asia, Northeast Iran and the Iranian Plateau, and included cultural, commercial and economic components with the southern regions of Turkmenistan (Merv and Nesa). The aim of this research is to understand the situation and the mutual effects of the Silk Road and the Sarakhs Plain during the Parthian period and the strategic geographical location of the region, and to provide a general framework of the cultural, economic, settlement and livelihood of the people of the Parthian period societies based on the environmental model variable. The results of this research, which is the product of a season of field surveys of the Sarakhs Plain, the collection and analysis of artifacts left from the Parthian period in the region, and the study of relevant historical geography texts, show that due to the passage and settlement along the Kashfrud, Tajan, and Harirud rivers, it is considered as one of the most important factors in the formation of the Sarakhs Plain and Parthian settlements. On the other hand, the Sarakhs Plain, due to its location on the connecting route of the Parthian capitals (Asak, Nesa, and Merv), has contributed to the prosperity of the aforementioned Shahrah (main road). The most important results of the present study include: settlements with wide and extensive areas, the increase in settlements during the Parthian period compared to previous periods, the provision of security, economic and political development of the Sarakhs Plain due to its location on the Great Silk Road, and as one of the important prosperous cities of the Parthian period due to its strategic location as a link and intermediary between Central Asia, northeastern Iran, and the Iranian Plateau.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Great Khorasan
Sarakhs Plain
Parthian Period
Great Silk Road
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  • تاریخ دریافت 25 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 09 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 11 مهر 1403