نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

مطالعه تطبیقی فرم، طرح و نقش قالی‌های گلدانی دورۀ صفویه و قاجار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فرش. دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
2 دانشیار. دانشکده فرش. دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
چکیده
هنر-صنعت قالی­بافی ایرانی قدمتی به درازای تاریخ تمدن ایران دارد و از هنرهای برگزیده ایرانی در طول دوران­ تاریخی و اسلامی بوده است. اگرچه تنها آوازه اهمیت و ارزش آن از دوران پیش از اسلام برجای مانده اما نمونه های باقی‌­مانده از دوران اسلامی نشان از اصالت و اهمیت این هنر نزد ایرانیان دارد. در طول دوران اسلامی هنر قالی­بافی هماره مورد توجه و اهمیت بوده و شکوه و کیفیت قالی صفوی و جایگاه ارزشمند آن در دوره قاجار بیش از سایر دوران به چشم می‌­آید. نقوش گیاهی در تمدن ایرانی اسلامی اهمیت ویژه و بسزایی داشته‌­اند این نقوش به انحای مختلف بروز داشته و جلوه آن در هنرهای مختلف قابل ردیابی است. یکی از این جلوه‌­گری ها در طرح­‌پردای قالی است. آرایه­‌ی گلدان و ملحقات آن نیز که بخشی از این نقوش است در هنرهای مختلف از جمله تزئینات معماری، کاشیکاری، کتاب­‌آرایی، تذهیب و قالی نمود یافته است. اما بروز آن در طرح‌­پردازی قالی، با توجه به ماهیت و اهمیت آن، رواج گسترده ای داشته است. بررسی ویژگی‌های طرح گلدانی، خصوصا در دوره صفویه و قاجار از اهداف اصلی این پژوهش است. و بر این اساس پرسش‌های زیر مطرح است؛ - ویژگی‌های فرمی طرح و نقش  طرح قالی گلدانی دوره صفویه و قاجار چیست؟- معیارهای مشترک و متفاوت ازنظر طرح و نقش برای قالی‌های گلدانی صفوی و قاجار کدام‌ها هستند؟ این پژوهش به تحلیل و تطبیق ساختار فرم و طرح گلدان در قالی‌های گلدانی دوره های صفوی و قاجار و شناخت وجوه اشتراک و افتراق این طرح در دو دوره مذکور پرداخته و تغییرات بوجود آمده را بررسی کرده است. این پژوهش به شیوه توصیفی، تطبیقی و تحلیلی بوده و گردآوری مطالب به صورت کتابخانه‌ای است. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش مشخص شد که به طور کلی ویژگی قالی‌های گلدانی دوره صفویه، متاثر از هنر قالیبافی این دوران است و چارچوب کلی هنر قالیبافی دوره صفوی حفظ شده است. در دوره قاجار طرح گلدانی با تنوع ساختاری، فرمی و کاربرد نقوش متنوع ادامه یافت. تطبیق و مقایسه طرح‌های گلدانی دوره صفوی و قاجار نشان از تنوع بیشتر در طرح، فرم و نقوش تکمیلی متن قالی‌های گلدانی قاجار دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Comparative Study of the Form, Design and Pattern of Vase Carpets of the Safavid and Qajar Periods

نویسندگان English

mehravid mehravid 1
ali vandshoari 2
abdollah ,irzaei 2
1 Graduate student of carpet. Tabriz Islamic University of the arts
2 Associate professor. Carpet faculty. Tabriz Islamic University of art
چکیده English

The Iranian carpet industry has a history as long as Iranian civilization and has been one of the selected Iranian arts during the historical and Islamic era. Although the only reputation of its importance and value goes back to the pre-Islamic era, the remaining examples of the Islamic era show the authenticity and importance of this art among Iranians. During the Islamic period, the art of carpet weaving was of interest and importance, and the glory and quality of Safavid carpets and their valuable position in the Qajar period were more prominent than in other periods. Plant motifs have been of particular importance in the Iranian Islamic civilization. They are manifested in different ways and can be traced in different arts. One of these manifestations is in the carpet design. The vase motif and its attachments, which are part of these motifs, are also represented in various arts, including architectural decoration, tile work, bookmaking, decorating and carpeting. But its prevalence in carpet design has been widespread, given its nature and importance. The main objectives of this study are to examine the characteristics of the vase motif, especially during the Safavid and Qajar periods. Based on this, the following questions comes up: - What are the form characteristics of the vase design and the pattern of this carpet design of the Safavid and Qajar periods? -What are the common and different criteria in terms of design and pattern for Safavid and Qajar vase carpets? This study analyzed and compared the structure of the form and the design of the vase in the vase carpets of the Safavid and Qajar periods and recognized the common and differential funds of this plan in the two mentioned periods and examined the changes. This research is descriptive, comparative, and analytical, and used a library-based data collection. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in general, the characteristics of the Safavid period vase carpets are influenced by the art of carpeting of this period, and the general framework of the Safavid period carpeting art has been preserved. During the Qajar period, the vase design continued with a variety of structures, forms and applications of various motifs. The adaptation and comparison of the vase designs of the Safavid and Qajar periods shows a greater variety in the design, form and complementary motifs of the middle of the Qajar vase carpets.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

carpet
vase design
design and pattern
Safavid period
Qajar period
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  • تاریخ دریافت 05 تیر 1403
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