نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

بررسی تحول شکلی گنبدهای شلجمی با گریو بلند در خراسان بزرگ از دورۀ تیموری تا صفوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار، گروه باستانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه نیشابور، ایران
چکیده
یکی از انواع گنبدها در معماری دورة اسلامی، گنبد شلجمی است. این گنبد برای نخستین‌بار در دورة تیموری و بر آرامگاه خواجه احمد یسوی اجرا شد. اندکی بعد، به یکی از رایج‌ترین الگوهای دورة تیموری مبدل و تا سده‌های متأخر اسلامی ادامه یافت. در این پژوهش تلاش می‌شود تحول شکلی گنبدهای شلجمی از دورة تیموری تا صفوی در جغرافیای خراسان بزرگ موردبررسی و ارزیابی قرار گیرد. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی است و برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی میدانی استفاده شده است. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد حداقل سه نسل متفاوت گنبدهای شلجمی در دورة اسلامی وجود داشته است. نسل اول گنبدهای شلجمی با خیاره‌های عمودی خیلی زود جای خود را به دومین نسل گنبدها داد. نسلی که با دوری از خیاره‌های عمودی، دارای گنبدهای کلاهخودی با نوک کمابیش تیز است. تغییر در اندازة گریو (ساق گنبد) و گنبد، وجه مشخصة نسل دوم گنبدهای شلجمی است. نسل سوم گنبدهای شلجمی دارای گریو بلند و گنبدهای مایل به کلاهخودی است. این نسل از گنبدهای شلجمی، نسبت به دو نسل قبل، از ارتفاع کمتری برخوردار است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

An Investigation into the Shape Evolution of Bulbous Domes with Long Tholobate in the Greater Khorasan from Timurid to Safavid Periods

نویسنده English

Hasan Nami
Assistant Professor, Archaeology Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Neyshabur University, Neyshabur, Iran
چکیده English

Bulbous Domes are one of the types of domes in Islamic architecture. This dome was first built during the Timurid period on the tomb of Khajeh Ahmad Yasawi. Soon later, it became one of the most common architectural patterns of the Timurid period and continued to be used upto the latest Islamic centuries. In this paper, the writer attempts to investigate and evaluate the shape evolution of bulbous domes from the Timurid period to the Safavid period in the land of the Greater Khorasan. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and library studies beside field surveys were used to collect data. This research shows that there have been at least three different generations of bulbous domes in the Islamic Period. The first generation of them which were the bulbous domes with vertical gadrooning soon changed to the second generation of domes. A generation which avoided using vertical gadrooning and had helmet-shaped domes with a semi pointed crowns. The change in the size of the tholobate (the drum of a dome) and the dome are the characteristic features of the second generation of bulbous domes. The third generation of the bulbous domes had long tholobates and they were helmet-shaped domes. This generation of bulbous domes comparing to the previous two generations had shorter tholobates.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Bulbous Dome
Tholobate
Timurid Period
Safavid Period
Greater Khorasan
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  • تاریخ دریافت 12 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 مرداد 1403