نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

نشریه علمی هنرهای صناعی خراسان بزرگ

بررسی مضمون و موقعیت کتیبه‌ها در تزیینات مدارس دورۀ تیموریان مشهد (مطالعه موردی: مدرسه دودر و پریزاد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 عضو هیأت علمی مدعو، موسسه آموزش عالی خراسان، مشهد
2 دانشجوی دکتری، معماری، گروه هنر و معماری، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
دورۀ تیموریان یکی از مهم‌ترین و تأثیرگذارترین ادوار تاریخ معماری ایران است. در این دوران، معماری و تزئینات وابسته به آن تکامل‌یافت و الگوی دوران بعد قرار گرفت. مدارس در این دوره از جایگاه مهمی برخوردار است، چنانکه به بیانی، دوران طلایی مدارس ایرانی است. مدارس دورۀ تیموریان در خراسان تعداد محدودی را شامل می‌شود که دو مدرسه ارزشمند این دوران، دودر و پریزاد در جوار حرم مطهر رضوی است. کتیبه‌ها همواره از شاخصه‌های تزیینی مورد استفاده در معماری ایرانی اسلامی بوده که مفاهیم ارزشمندی در مضمون آن‌ها مستتر است. علاوه بر مضمون کتیبه‌ها، ارتباط آن‌ها با موقعیت قرارگیری نیز قابل‌تأمل است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا علاوه بر مضمون به‌کاررفته در کتیبه‌های مدارس تیموریان مشهد، موقعیت قرارگیری را نیز مورد تحلیل قرار گیرد. در فرآیند پژوهش، به‌منظور دستیابی به اهداف موردنظر از بررسی‌های میدانی برای مستندسازی و خوانش متون و مضمون کتیبه‌های موجود در بناها و از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی برای معرفی، دسته‌بندی و یافتن ارتباط‌ آن‌ها استفاده شده است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که مدرسه دودر 33 کتیبه و مدرسه پریزاد 8 کتیبه در تزیینات خود دارند که کتیبه‌های قرآنی بیشترین سهم را دارا هستند. همچنین، خط ثلث در نگارش، بیشترین استفاده را داشته و از نوع کاشی معرق بیشتر بهره برده شده است. موقعیت قرارگیری کتیبه‌ها به ترتیب در ورودی‌ها، ایوان‌ها و گنبدهای مدرسه است و هر موقعیت کتیبه مضمون خاصی را به نمایش می‌گذارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Examination of the Theme and Position of Inscriptions in the Decorations of Timurid Schools in Mashhad (Case Study: Dodar and Parizad Schools)

نویسندگان English

Mahboubeh Zamani 1
Saeed Ghasemi 2
1 Invited faculty member, Khorasan Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad
2 PhD student, Architecture, Art and Architecture Department, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran (Corresponding author)
چکیده English

The Timurid era is one of the most important and influential periods in the history of Iranian architecture. During this period, architecture and its related decorations evolved and set the pattern for later periods. Schools held an important position in this era, as it can be said that it was the golden age of Iranian schools. The Timurid schools in Khorasan include a limited number of schools, with two valuable schools of this era, Dodar and Parizad, located near the holy shrine of Imam Reza. Inscriptions have always been a decorative feature used in Islamic Iranian architecture, with valuable concepts hidden in their content. In addition to the content of the inscriptions, their relationship with their placement is also noteworthy. The aim of this research is to analyze the content used in the inscriptions of Timurid schools in Mashhad, as well as their placement. Field studies were conducted for documentation and reading of the inscriptions in the buildings, and a descriptive-analytical method was used for introducing, categorizing, and finding relationships among them. The results indicate that Dodar School has 33 inscriptions and Parizad School has 8 inscriptions in their decorations, with Quranic inscriptions having the largest share. Moreover, Thuluth script was the most used in calligraphy, and more use of mosaic tiles was observed. The placement of inscriptions is mainly in the entrances, iwans, and domes of the schools, with each placement showcasing a specific theme.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Inscription
Timurid schools
Mashhad
Dodar School
Parizad School
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  • تاریخ دریافت 03 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 23 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 بهمن 1402